"""Filesystem helpers backing the overlay 'Files' section.

`safe_resolve_for_listing` and `safe_resolve_for_download` translate a
user-supplied sub-path within an overlay into a real filesystem path,
rejecting anything that would escape the overlay root (listing) or
`LEFT4ME_ROOT` (download). `list_directory` walks one level and shapes
the rows the templates render.
"""
from __future__ import annotations

import os
from pathlib import Path

from l4d2host.paths import get_left4me_root, overlay_path as resolve_overlay_root

from l4d2web.services.security import validate_overlay_ref


def _is_under(child: Path, parent: Path) -> bool:
    return child == parent or parent in child.parents


def safe_resolve_for_listing(overlay_path_value: str, sub_path: str) -> Path:
    """Resolve `overlay_root / sub_path` and refuse anything that escapes the
    overlay root after symlink resolution. Used to render directory listings."""
    overlay_root = resolve_overlay_root(overlay_path_value).resolve()
    if sub_path == "":
        return overlay_root
    validate_overlay_ref(sub_path)
    candidate = (overlay_root / sub_path).resolve(strict=False)
    if not _is_under(candidate, overlay_root):
        raise ValueError("path escapes overlay root")
    return candidate


def safe_resolve_for_write(overlay_path_value: str, sub_path: str) -> Path:
    """Resolve a destination path for create / write / replace operations.

    Refuses empty `sub_path`, escape via `..` or symlink target, refuses to
    overwrite an existing symlink, and refuses a path whose parent resolves
    to a non-directory. Returns the lexical (un-resolved) candidate so the
    caller can write through to the user-visible path; the safety check is
    done against the resolved variant.
    """
    if sub_path == "":
        raise ValueError("write requires a sub-path")
    validate_overlay_ref(sub_path)
    overlay_root = resolve_overlay_root(overlay_path_value).resolve()
    candidate = overlay_root / sub_path
    resolved_candidate = candidate.resolve(strict=False)
    if not _is_under(resolved_candidate, overlay_root):
        raise ValueError("path escapes overlay root")
    if candidate.is_symlink():
        raise ValueError("refusing to overwrite an existing symlink")
    parent = candidate.parent
    if parent.exists() and not parent.is_dir():
        raise ValueError("parent path is not a directory")
    return candidate


def safe_resolve_for_delete(overlay_path_value: str, sub_path: str) -> Path:
    """Resolve a path the user wants to delete. Same root-escape rules as
    `safe_resolve_for_listing`. Allows files and (empty) directories; the
    caller is responsible for refusing recursive directory removal."""
    if sub_path == "":
        raise ValueError("delete requires a sub-path")
    validate_overlay_ref(sub_path)
    overlay_root = resolve_overlay_root(overlay_path_value).resolve()
    candidate = overlay_root / sub_path
    resolved_candidate = candidate.resolve(strict=False)
    if not _is_under(resolved_candidate, overlay_root):
        raise ValueError("path escapes overlay root")
    return candidate


def safe_resolve_for_move(
    overlay_path_value: str, src: str, dst: str
) -> tuple[Path, Path]:
    """Resolve src + dst for a rename/move. Both must be inside the overlay
    root. Refuses cycle (dst inside src), missing src, missing/non-dir parent
    of dst, and overwriting a symlink at dst."""
    if src == "" or dst == "":
        raise ValueError("move requires non-empty src and dst")
    validate_overlay_ref(src)
    validate_overlay_ref(dst)
    overlay_root = resolve_overlay_root(overlay_path_value).resolve()
    src_path = overlay_root / src
    dst_path = overlay_root / dst
    src_resolved = src_path.resolve(strict=False)
    dst_resolved = dst_path.resolve(strict=False)
    if not _is_under(src_resolved, overlay_root):
        raise ValueError("src escapes overlay root")
    if not _is_under(dst_resolved, overlay_root):
        raise ValueError("dst escapes overlay root")
    if not src_path.exists() and not src_path.is_symlink():
        raise ValueError("src does not exist")
    if dst_path.is_symlink():
        raise ValueError("refusing to overwrite an existing symlink at dst")
    dst_parent = dst_path.parent
    if dst_parent.exists() and not dst_parent.is_dir():
        raise ValueError("dst parent is not a directory")
    if src_path.is_dir():
        # Cycle check: dst must not be src or any descendant of src.
        if dst_resolved == src_resolved or src_resolved in dst_resolved.parents:
            raise ValueError("cannot move a directory into itself")
    return src_path, dst_path


_EDITABLE_MAX_BYTES = 1 * 1024 * 1024
_UTF8_SNIFF_BYTES = 8 * 1024


def is_editable(path: Path) -> bool:
    """True iff the file is a regular file (not symlink), ≤ 1 MiB, the first
    8 KiB decodes as strict UTF-8, and contains no NUL bytes. NULs decode as
    valid UTF-8 (U+0000) but render badly in textareas and almost always
    indicate binary content; rejecting them matches the "is this a text
    file" intuition users expect. Save endpoint enforces the same rules."""
    try:
        if path.is_symlink():
            return False
        if not path.is_file():
            return False
        size = path.stat().st_size
    except OSError:
        return False
    if size > _EDITABLE_MAX_BYTES:
        return False
    try:
        with path.open("rb") as f:
            sample = f.read(_UTF8_SNIFF_BYTES)
    except OSError:
        return False
    if b"\x00" in sample:
        return False
    try:
        sample.decode("utf-8", errors="strict")
    except UnicodeDecodeError:
        return False
    return True


def safe_resolve_for_server_listing(server_id: int, sub_path: str) -> Path | None:
    """Resolve a path inside `runtime/<server_id>/merged` (the kernel-overlayfs
    composed view of a running server). Returns None if the merged dir doesn't
    exist yet (server has never started, or was just reset). Refuses paths
    that escape the merged root after symlink resolution.
    """
    merged_root = (get_left4me_root() / "runtime" / str(server_id) / "merged").resolve()
    if not merged_root.is_dir():
        return None
    if sub_path == "":
        return merged_root
    validate_overlay_ref(sub_path)
    candidate = (merged_root / sub_path).resolve(strict=False)
    if not _is_under(candidate, merged_root):
        raise ValueError("path escapes server merged root")
    return candidate


DEFAULT_MAX_ENTRIES = 500


def list_directory(
    target: Path,
    overlay_root: Path,
    *,
    max_entries: int | None = None,
) -> tuple[list[dict], int]:
    """List one directory level. Returns (entries, truncated_count) where
    truncated_count is the number of entries elided after the cap.
    Directories come first, then files; both case-insensitive alphabetical.

    `max_entries` falls back to module-level `DEFAULT_MAX_ENTRIES` at call
    time so tests can monkeypatch the cap without re-instantiating routes."""
    cap = max_entries if max_entries is not None else DEFAULT_MAX_ENTRIES

    rows: list[dict] = []
    with os.scandir(target) as it:
        for entry in it:
            rows.append(_entry_dict(entry, overlay_root))

    rows.sort(key=lambda r: (0 if r["kind"] == "dir" else 1, r["name"].casefold()))

    if len(rows) > cap:
        truncated = len(rows) - cap
        rows = rows[:cap]
    else:
        truncated = 0
    return rows, truncated


def _entry_dict(entry: "os.DirEntry[str]", overlay_root: Path) -> dict:
    is_symlink = entry.is_symlink()
    broken = False
    try:
        is_dir = entry.is_dir(follow_symlinks=True)
    except OSError:
        is_dir = False
        broken = True

    if is_dir:
        kind = "dir"
        size: int | None = None
    else:
        kind = "file"
        if broken:
            size = None
        else:
            try:
                size = entry.stat(follow_symlinks=True).st_size
            except OSError:
                size = None
                broken = True

    rel_str = "/".join(Path(entry.path).relative_to(overlay_root).parts)

    if kind == "file" and not broken:
        editable = is_editable(Path(entry.path))
    else:
        editable = False

    return {
        "name": entry.name,
        "rel": rel_str,
        "kind": kind,
        "is_symlink": is_symlink,
        "broken": broken,
        "size": size,
        "size_human": _format_size(size) if size is not None else "",
        "editable": editable,
    }


def _format_size(num: int) -> str:
    if num < 1024:
        return f"{num} B"
    units = ["KB", "MB", "GB", "TB"]
    value = float(num)
    unit = "B"
    for u in units:
        value /= 1024.0
        unit = u
        if value < 1024:
            break
    return f"{value:.1f} {unit}"


def safe_resolve_for_download(overlay_path_value: str, sub_path: str) -> Path:
    """Resolve a file path the user wants to download. Allows symlink targets
    anywhere inside `LEFT4ME_ROOT` (so workshop addons stream from the shared
    cache) but blocks any escape outside it."""
    if sub_path == "":
        raise ValueError("download requires a file path")
    validate_overlay_ref(sub_path)
    overlay_root = resolve_overlay_root(overlay_path_value).resolve()
    candidate = overlay_root / sub_path
    real = Path(os.path.realpath(candidate))
    left4me_root = get_left4me_root().resolve()
    if not _is_under(real, left4me_root):
        raise ValueError("path escapes LEFT4ME_ROOT")
    return real


def safe_resolve_for_server_download(server_id: int, sub_path: str) -> Path | None:
    """Resolve a file inside `runtime/<server_id>/merged` for download. Follows
    symlinks (the merged view threads through `installation/` and overlay
    layers, all under LEFT4ME_ROOT). Refuses anything escaping LEFT4ME_ROOT.
    Returns None when the merged dir doesn't exist yet."""
    if sub_path == "":
        raise ValueError("download requires a file path")
    validate_overlay_ref(sub_path)
    merged_root = (get_left4me_root() / "runtime" / str(server_id) / "merged").resolve()
    if not merged_root.is_dir():
        return None
    candidate = merged_root / sub_path
    real = Path(os.path.realpath(candidate))
    left4me_root = get_left4me_root().resolve()
    if not _is_under(real, left4me_root):
        raise ValueError("path escapes LEFT4ME_ROOT")
    return real